| 용어 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| correction | Correction of a treaty is the remedying of an error in its text. If, after the authentication of a text, the signatory and contracting States agree that an error exists, those States can correct the error by: 1. Initialling the corrected treaty text; 2. Executing or exchanging an instrument containing the correction; or 3. Executing the corrected text of the whole treaty by the same procedure by which the original text was executed. If there is a depositary, the depositary must communicate the proposed corrections to all signatory and contracting States and States parties. In the practice of the United Nations, the Secretary-General, as depositary, informs all States of the error and the proposal to correct it. If, on the expiry of a specified time limit, no signatory or contracting State or State party objects, the Secretary-General circulates a proc?-verbal of rectification and causes the corrections to be effected in the authentic text(s) ab initio. States have 90 days to object to a proposed correction. This period can be shortened if necessary. See article 79 of the Vienna Convention 1969. |
| credentials | Credentials take the form of a document issued by a State authorising a delegate or delegation of that State to attend a conference, including, where necessary, for the purpose of negotiating and adopting the text of a treaty. A State may also issue credentials to enable signature of the Final Act of a conference. Credentials are distinct from full powers. Credentials permit a delegate or delegation to adopt the text of a treaty and/or sign the Final Act, while full powers permit a person to undertake any given treaty action (in particular, signature of treaties). |
| date of effect | The date of effect of a treaty action (such as signature, ratification, acceptance of an amendment, etc.), in the depositary practice of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, is the time when the action is undertaken with the depositary. For example, the date of effect of an instrument of ratification is the date on which the relevant instrument is deposited with the Secretary-General. The date of effect of a treaty action by a State or an international organization is not necessarily the date that action enters into force for that State or international organization. Multilateral agreements often provide for their entry into force for a State or international organization after the lapse of a certain period of time following the date of effect. |
| declaration | (See annex 6.) interpretative declaration An interpretative declaration is a declaration by a State as to its understanding of some matter covered by a treaty or its interpretation of a particular provision. Unlike reservations, declarations merely clarify a State's position and do not purport to exclude or modify the legal effect of a treaty. The Secretary-General, as depositary, pays specific attention to declarations to ensure that they do not amount to reservations. Usually, declarations are made at the time of signature or at the time of deposit of an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Political declarations usually do not fall into this category as they contain only political sentiments and do not seek to express a view on legal rights and obligations under a treaty. mandatory declaration A mandatory declaration is a declaration specifically required by the treaty itself. Unlike an interpretative declaration, a mandatory declaration is binding on the State making it. optional declaration An optional declaration is a declaration that a treaty specifically provides for, but does not require. Unlike an interpretative declaration, an optional declaration is binding on the State making it. |
| depositary | The depositary of a treaty is the custodian of the treaty and is entrusted with the functions specified in article 77 of the Vienna Convention 1969. The Secretary-General, as depositary, accepts notifications and documents related to treaties deposited with the Secretary-General, examines whether all formal requirements are met, deposits them, registers them subject to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations and notifies all relevant acts to the parties concerned. Some treaties describe depositary functions. This is considered unnecessary in view of the detailed provision of article 77 of the Vienna Convention 1969. A depositary can be one or more States, an international organization, or the chief administrative officer of the organization, such as the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General does not share depositary functions with any other depositary. In certain areas, such as dealing with reservations, amendments and interpretation, the Secretary-General's depositary practice, which has developed since the establishment of the United Nations, has evolved further since the conclusion of the Vienna Convention 1969. The Secretary-General is not obliged to accept the role of depositary, especially for treaties negotiated outside the auspices of the United Nations. It is the usual practice to consult the Treaty Section prior to designating the Secretary-General as depositary. The Secretary-General, at present, is the depositary for over 500 multilateral treaties. See articles 76 and 77 of the Vienna Convention 1969. |